Vol. 129, No. 3 * Pages 241–372 * July - September 2025

To describe and study the climate and its changes more accurately, climate databases are needed that are representative in time and spatial coverage, and that are based on sufficiently long measurement data series. In Hungary, air pressure measurements have a long history, similar to temperature and precipitation, but a homogeneous gridded database of Hungarian air pressure measurements over a century, with a daily resolution covering the whole 20th century, has not yet been produced. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to produce a homogenized gridded daily air pressure database from the beginning of the 20th century, which is currently available from 1961 only. In addition, in the period after 1961, and especially in the last few decades, station data series are used in much greater numbers than before. This will produce a more accurate interpolation, i.e., a more accurate grid point database than at present, which can be updated annually in the future, as for temperature and precipitation.
In this paper, we describe the methods used, discuss the station systems used for homogenization and interpolation of air pressure in different time periods, analyze the main verification statistics of the homogenization, and also analyze the results of the interpolation, examine the annual, seasonal, and monthly surface air pressure data series and their extremes, including the daily extremes for the period 1901–2023.